• Schmidt, H., Rast, S., Bao, J., Fang, S.-W., Jiménez de la Cuesta Otero, D., Keil, P., Kluft, L., Kroll, C., Lang, T., Niemeier, U., Schneidereit , A., Williams , A. & Stevens, B.: Effects of vertical grid spacing on the climate simulated in the ICON-Sapphire global storm-resolving model. Geoscientific Model Development. doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-1575 , 2024  [supplementary-material]

•   Brodowsky et al, Analysis of the global atmospheric background sulfur budget in a multi-model framework,egusphere-2023-1655

• Laakso, A., Visioni, D., Niemeier, U., Tilmes, S., and Kokkola, H.: Dependency of the impacts of geoengineering on the stratospheric sulfur injection strategy part 2: How changes in the hydrological cycle depend on injection rates and model?, EGUsphere [preprint], doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2520, 2023.
• Visioni et al.,: G6-1.5K-SAI: a new Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) experiment integrating recent advances in solar radiation modification studies, egusphere-2023-2406

2022 and 2023

Haywood, J. and S. Tilmes (Lead Authors), F. Keutsch, U. Niemeier, A. Schmidt, D. Visioni, and P. Yu, Stratospheric Aerosol Injection and its Potential Effect on the Stratospheric Ozone Layer, Chapter 6 in Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2022, GAW Report No. 278, 509 pp., WMO, Geneva, 2022.

Wrana, F., Niemeier, U., Thomason, L. W., Wallis, S., and von Savigny, C.: Stratospheric aerosol size reduction after volcanic eruptions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9725–9743, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9725-2023, 2023.

Visioni, D., Kravitz, B., Robock, A., Tilmes, S., Haywood, J., Boucher, O., Lawrence, M., Irvine, P., Niemeier, U., Xia, L., Chiodo, G., Lennard, C., Watanabe, S., Moore, J. C., and Muri, H.: Opinion: The scientific and community-building roles of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) – past, present, and future, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5149–5176, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5149-2023, 2023.

Quaglia, I., Timmreck, C., Niemeier, U., Visioni, D., Pitari, G., Brodowsky, C., Brühl, C., Dhomse, S. S., Franke, H., Laakso, A., Mann, G. W., Rozanov, E., and Sukhodolov, T.: Interactive stratospheric aerosol models' response to different amounts and altitudes of SO₂ injection during the 1991 Pinatubo eruption, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 921–948, doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-921-2023, 2023.

Jones, A., Haywood, J. M., Scaife, A. A., Boucher, O., Henry, M., Kravitz, B., Lurton, T., Nabat, P., Niemeier, U., Séférian, R., Tilmes, S., and Visioni, D.: The impact of stratospheric aerosol intervention on the North Atlantic and Quasi-Biennial Oscillations in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) G6sulfur experiment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2999–3016, doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2999-2022, 2022.

Laakso, Anton, Ulrike Niemeier, Daniele Visioni, Simone Tilmes and Harry Kokkola, Dependency of the impacts of geoengineering on the stratospheric sulfur injection strategy part 1: Intercomparison of modal and sectional aerosol module, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 93–118, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-93-2022, 2022

Weisenstein, D. K., Visioni, D., Franke, H., Niemeier, U., Vattioni, S., Chiodo, G., Peter, T., and Keith, D. W.: An interactive stratospheric aerosol model intercomparison of solar geoengineering by stratospheric injection of SO2 or accumulation-mode sulfuric acid aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2955–2973, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2955-2022, 2022

Tilmes​​​​​​​, S., Visioni, D., Jones, A., Haywood, J., Séférian, R., Nabat, P., Boucher, O., Bednarz, E. M., and Niemeier, U.: Stratospheric ozone response to sulfate aerosol and solar dimming climate interventions based on the G6 Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4557–4579, doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4557-2022, 2022.

Chen, Y., Ji, D., Zhang, Q., Moore, J. C., Boucher, O., Jones, A., Lurton, T., Mills, M. J., Niemeier, U., Séférian, R., and Tilmes, S.: Northern-high-latitude permafrost and terrestrial carbon response to two solar geoengineering scenarios, Earth Syst. Dynam., 14, 55–79, doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-55-2023, 2023.

2020 and 2021

Niemeier, U., Riede, F., and Timmreck, C.: Simulation of ash clouds after a Laacher See-type eruption, Clim. Past, 17, 633–652, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-633-2021, 2021.

Niemeier, U., Richter, J. H., and Tilmes, S.: Differing responses of the quasi-biennial oscillation to artificial SO₂ injections in two global models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 8975–8987, doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8975-2020, 2020.

Franke, H., Niemeier, U., and Visioni, D.: Differences in the quasi-biennial oscillation response to stratospheric aerosol modification depending on injection strategy and species, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8615–8635, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8615-2021, 2021

Brenna, H., Kutterolf, S., Mills, M. J., Niemeier, U., Timmreck, C., & Krüger, K. Decadal disruption of the QBO by tropical volcanic supereruptions. Geophysical Research Letters, 48, e2020GL089687, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089687, 2021

Clyne, M., Lamarque, J.-F., Mills, M. J., Khodri, M., Ball, W., Bekki, S., Dhomse, S. S., Lebas, N., Mann, G., Marshall, L., Niemeier, U., Poulain, V., Robock, A., Rozanov, E., Schmidt, A., Stenke, A., Sukhodolov, T., Timmreck, C., Toohey, M., Tummon, F., Zanchettin, D., Zhu, Y., and Toon, O. B.: Model physics and chemistry causing intermodel disagreement within the VolMIP-Tambora Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol ensemble, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3317–3343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3317-2021, 2021.

Ben Kravitz, Douglas G. MacMartin, Daniele Visioni, Olivier Boucher, Jason N. S. Cole, Jim Haywood, Andy Jones, Thibaut Lurton, Pierre Nabat, Ulrike Niemeier, Alan Robock, Roland Séférian, and Simone Tilmes Comparing different generations of idealized solar geoengineering simulations in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4231–4247, 2021 doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4231-2021

Visioni, D., MacMartin, D. G., Kravitz, B., Boucher, O., Jones, A., Lurton, T., Martine, M., Mills, M. J., Nabat, P., Niemeier, U., Séférian, R., and Tilmes, S.: Identifying the sources of uncertainty in climate model simulations of solar radiation modification with the G6sulfur and G6solar Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10039–10063, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10039-2021, 2021.

Abbott, P., Niemeier, U., Timmreck, C., Riede, F., McConnell, J., Severi, M., Fischer, H., Svensson, A., Toohey, M. Reinig, F., Sigl ,M.: Volcanic climate forcing preceding the inception of the Younger Dryas: implications for tracing the Laacher See eruption, Quaternary Science Reviews, Volume 274, 107260, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107260, 2021.

Elizaveta Malinina, Alexei Rozanov, Ulrike Niemeier, Sandra Peglow, Carlo Arosio, Felix Wrana, Claudia Timmreck, Christian von Savigny,  and John P. Burrows, Changes in stratospheric aerosol extinction coefficient after the 2018 Ambae eruption as seen by OMPS-LP and MAECHAM5-HAM, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14871–14891, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14871-2021, 2021.

2018 and 2019

Niemeier, Ulrike, Timmreck, Claudia, and Krüger, Kirstin: Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing – impact of one or two eruptions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10379–10390, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10379-2019, 2019.

Niemeier Ulrike, Climate Engineering - (k)ein Ersatz für Klimaschutz, Audit Committee Quarterly, 1/2019, 44-45, ISSN (Online) 2509-2944, https://audit-committee-institute.de/media/aci_quarterly_2019_1.pdf, 2019

Riede Felix, Christian Tegner, Claudia Timmreck, Ulrike Niemeier, Anja Schmidt, Clive Oppenheimer og Anke Zernack: Laacher See-vulkanudbruddet og effekten på klimaet, Kvant, No 1,  http://www.kvant.dk/issue.php?n=1&y=2019, 2019,

Pfrommer, Tobias, Timo Goeschl, Alexander Proelss, Martin Carrier, Johannes Lenhard, Henriette Martin, Ulrike Niemeier, Hauke Schmidt: Establishing causation in climate litigation: admissibility and reliability, Climatic Change, 152: 67, doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2362-4, 2019.

Camilla W. Stjern, Helene Muri, Lars Ahlm, Olivier Boucher, Jason N. S. Cole, Duoying Ji, Andy Jones, Jim Haywood, Ben Kravitz, Andrew Lenton, John C. Moore, Ulrike Niemeier, Steven J. Phipps, Hauke Schmidt, Shingo Watanabe, and Jón Egill Kristjánsson: Response to marine cloud brightening in a multi-model ensemble, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 621-634, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-621-2018, 2018 Multi-model comparison of the volcanic sulfate deposition from the 1815 eruption of Mt. Tambora

Marshall Lauren, Anja Schmidt, Matthew Toohey, Ken S. Carslaw, Graham W. Mann, Michael Sigl, Myriam Khodri, Claudia Timmreck, Davide Zanchettin, William T. Ball, Slimane Bekki, James S. A. Brooke, Sandip Dhomse, Colin Johnson, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Allegra N. LeGrande, Michael J. Mills, Ulrike Niemeier, James O. Pope, Virginie Poulain, Alan Robock, Eugene Rozanov, Andrea Stenke, Timofei Sukhodolov, Simone Tilmes, Kostas Tsigaridis, and Fiona Tummon: Multi-model comparison of the volcanic sulfate deposition from the 1815 eruption of Mt. Tambora, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 2307-2328, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2307-2018, 2018

Muri Helene, Jerry Tjiputra, Odd Helge Otterå, Muralidhar Adakudlu, Siv K. Lauvset, Alf Grini, Michael Schulz, Ulrike Niemeier, and Jón Egill Kristjánsson: Climate reponse to aerosol geoengineering: a multi-method comparison, J. Climate,  31, 6319–6340, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0620.1 , 2018

Kravitz Ben, Philip J. Rasch, Hailong Wang, Alan Robock, Corey Gabriel, Olivier Boucher, Jason N. S. Cole, Jim Haywood, Duoying Ji, Andy Jones, Andrew Lenton, John C. Moore, Helene Muri, Ulrike Niemeier, Steven Phipps, Hauke Schmidt, Shingo Watanabe, Shuting Yang, and Jin-Ho Yoon,The climate effects of increasing ocean albedo: An idealized representation of solar geoengineering. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13097-13113, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13097-2018, 2018.

2016 and 2017

Niemeier Ulrike and Simone Tilmes, Sulfur injections for a cooler planet, Science, Vol. 357, Issue 6348, pp. pp 246-248, DOI: 10.1126/science.aan3317, 2017. (Solicited)

Niemeier, Ulrike and Hauke Schmidt: Changing transport processes in the stratosphere by radiative heating of sulfate aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14871-14886, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14871-2017, 2017

Laakso, A., Kokkola, H., Partanen, A.-I., Niemeier, U., Timmreck, C., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Hakkarainen, H., and Korhonen, H.: Radiative and climate impacts of a large volcanic eruption during stratospheric sulfur geoengineering, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 305-323, doi:10.5194/acp-16-305-2016, 2016.

Zanchettin, D., M. Khodri, C. Timmreck M. Toohey, A. Schmidt, E. P. Gerber, G. Hegerl, A. Robock, F. S. Pausata, W. T. Ball, S. E. Bauer S. Bekki, S. S. Dhomse, A. N. LeGrande, G. W. Mann, L. Marshall, M. Mills, M. Marchand, U. Niemeier, V. Poulain, A. Rubino, A. Stenke, K. Tsigaridis and F. Tummon (2016), The Model Intercomparison Project on the climatic response to Volcanic forcing (VolMIP): experimental design and forcing input data for CMIP6, Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 2701-2719, doi:10.5194/gmd-9-2701-2016.

2015

Niemeier, U., & Timmreck, C. (2015). What is the limit of climate engineering by stratospheric injection of SO 2?. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15(16), 9129-9141, doi:10.5194/acp-15-9129-2015.

Tilmes, S., Mills, M. J., Niemeier, U., Schmidt, H., Robock, A., Kravitz, B., Lamarque, J.-F., Pitari, G., and English, J. M.: A new Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) experiment designed for climate and chemistry models, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 43-49, doi:10.5194/gmd-8-43-2015, 2015.

Muri, Helene,  Ulrike Niemeier and Jón Egill Kristjánsson: Tropical rainforest response to marine sky brightening climate engineering, GRL, DOI: 10.1002/2015GL063363

Aswathy, V. N., Boucher, O., Quaas, M., Niemeier, U., Muri, H., Mülmenstädt, J., & Quaas, J. (2015). Climate extremes in multi-model simulations of stratospheric aerosol and marine cloud brightening climate engineering. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15(16), 9593-9610.

Narcisa Bândă, Maarten Krol, Twan van Noije, Michiel van Weele, Jason E. Williams, Philippe Le Sager, Ulrike Niemeier, Larry Thomason and Thomas Röckmann: The effect of stratospheric sulfur from Mount Pinatubo on tropospheric oxidizing capacity and methane, JGR, p 1202–1220, 2015 (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014JD022137/abstract)

Kravitz, B., A. Robock, S. Tilmes, O. Boucher, J. M. English, P. J. Irvine, A. Jones, M. G. Lawrence, M. MacCracken, H. Muri, J. C. Moore, U. Niemeier, S. J. Phipps, J. Sillmann, T. Storelvmo, H. Wang, and S. Watanabe (2015), The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (GeoMIP6): Simulation design and preliminary results, Geoscientific Model Development, 8, 3379-3392, doi:10.5194/gmd-8-3379-2015.

2014

Curry, C. L., J. Sillmann, D. Bronaugh, K. Alterskjær, J. N. S. Cole, B. Kravitz., J. E. Kristjánsson, H. Muri, U. Niemeier, A. Robock, and S. Tilmes, A multi-model examination of climate extremes in an idealized geoengineering experiment, Journal of Geophysical Research, 119, 3900-3923, doi:10.1002/2013JD020648.
(hyperlink)

Huneeus, N., O. Boucher, K. Alterskjær, J. N. S. Cole, C. L. Curry, D. Ji, A. Jones, B. Kravitz, J. E. Kristjánsson, J. C. Moore, H. Muri, U. Niemeier, P. J. Rasch, A. Robock, B. Singh, H. Schmidt, M. Schulz, S. Tilmes, S. Watanabe, and J.-H. Yoon (2014), Forcings and feedbacks in the GeoMIP ensemble for a reduction in solar irradiance and increase in CO₂, Journal of Geophysical Research, 119, 5226-5239, doi:10.1002/2013JD021110.
(hyperlink)

Irvine, P. J., O. Boucher, B. Kravitz, K. Alterskjær, J. N. S. Cole, D. Ji, A. Jones, D. J. Lunt, J. C. Moore, H. Muri, U. Niemeier, A. Robock, B. Singh, S. Tilmes, S. Watanabe, and J.-H. Yoon (2014), Key factors governing uncertainty in the response to sunshade geoengineering from a comparison of the GeoMIP ensemble and a perturbed parameter ensemble, Journal of Geophysical Research, doi:10.1002/2013JD020716.
(hyperlink)

Moore, J. C., A. Rinke, X. Yu, D. Ji, X. Cui, Y. Li, K. Alterskjær, J. E. Kristjánsson, O. Boucher, N. Huneuus, B. Kravitz, A. Robock, U. Niemeier, H. Schmidt, M. Schulz, S. Tilmes, and S. Watanabe (2014), Arctic sea ice and atmospheric circulation under the GeoMIP G1 scenario, Journal of Geophysical Research, 119, 567-583, doi:10.1002/2013JD021060.

Xia, L., A. Robock. J. N. S. Cole, C. L. Curry, D. Ji, A. Jones, B. Kravitz, J. C. Moore, H. Muri, U. Niemeier, B. Singh, S. Tilmes, S. Watanabe, and J.-H. Yoon (2014), Solar Radiation Management impacts on agriculture in China: A case study in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP), Journal of Geophysical Research, 119, 8695-8711, doi:10.1002/2013JD020630.
(hyperlink)

2013

Niemeier, U., H. Schmidt, K. Alterskjær, and J. E. Kristjánsson, Solar irradiance reduction via climate engineering--climatic impact of different techniques, Journal of Geophysical Research, DOI:10.1002/2013JD020445.

This paper was chosen as a research spotlight by JGR
(hyperlink)

Alterskjær K., J.E. Kristjánsson, O. Boucher, H. Muri, U. Niemeier, H. Schmidt, M. Schulz, and C. Timmreck, Sea salt injections into the low-latitude marine boundary layer: The transient response in three Earth System Models, Journal of Geophysical Research, DOI:10.1002/2013JD020432. 
(hyperlink)

Jones, A., J. M. Haywood, K. Alterskjær, O. Boucher, J. N. S. Cole, C. L. Curry, P. J. Irvine, D. Ji, B. Kravitz, J. E. Kristjánsson, J. C. Moore, U. Niemeier, A. Robock, H. Schmidt, B. Singh, S. Tilmes, S. Watanabe, and J.-H. Yoon, The impact of abrupt suspension of solar radiation management (termination effect) in experiment G2 of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP), Journal of Geophysical Research, 118(17), 9743-9752, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50762.
(hyperlink)

Kravitz, B., P. J. Rasch, P. M. Forster, T. Andrews, J. N. S. Cole, P. J. Irvine, D. Ji, J. E. Kristjánsson, J. C. Moore, H. Muri, U. Niemeier, A. Robock, B. Singh, S. Tilmes, S. Watanabe, and J.-H. Yoon, An energetic perspective on hydrologic cycle changes in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP), Journal of Geophysical Research,, 118, 13087-13102, doi:10.1002/2013JD020502.
(hyperlink)

Kravitz, B., P. M. Forster, A. Jones, A. Robock, K. Alterskjær, O. Boucher, A. K. L. Jenkins, H. Korhonen, J. E. Kristjánsson, H. Muri, U. Niemeier, A.-I. Partanen, P. J. Rasch, H. Wang, and S. Watanabe, Sea spray geoengineering experiments in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP): Experimental design and preliminary results, Journal of Geophysical Research, 118(19), 11175-11186, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50856.

Kravitz, B., K. Caldeira, O. Boucher, A. Robock, P. J. Rasch, K. Alterskjær, D. Bou Karam, J. N. S. Cole, C. L. Curry, J. M. Haywood, P. J. Irvine, D. Ji, A. Jones, J. E. Kristjánsson, D. J. Lunt, J. Moore, U. Niemeier, H. Schmidt, M. Schulz, B. Singh, S. Tilmes, S. Watanabe, S. Yang, and J.-H. Yoon (2013), Climate model response from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP), Journal of Geophysical Research, 118(15), 8320-8332, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50646

Tilmes, S., J. Fasullo, J.-F. Lamarque, D. R. Marsch, M. Mills, K. Alterskjær, O. Boucher, J. N. S. Cole, C. L. Curry, J. M. Haywood, P. J. Irvine, D. Ji, A. Jones, D. B. Karam, B. Kravitz, J. E. Kristjánsson, J. C. Moore, H. O. Muri, U. Niemeier, P. J. Rasch, A. Robock, H. Schmidt, M. Schulz, B. Singh, S. Watanabe, S. Yang, and J.-H. Yoon, The hydrological impact of geoengineering in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP), Journal of Geophysical Research, 118(19), 11036-11058, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50868.

2012 - 2011

Metzner D., S. Kutterolf, M. Toohey, C. Timmreck, U. Niemeier, A. Freundt and K. Krüger (2012) Radiative forcing and climate impact resulting from SO2 injections based on a 200,000 year record of Plinian eruptions along the Central American Volcanic Arc, Int J Earth Sci. doi:10.1007/ s00531-012-0814-z

Schmidt, H., K. Alterskjær, D. Bou Karam, O. Boucher, A. Jones, J. E. Kristjansson, U. Niemeier, M. Schulz, A. Aaheim, F. Benduhn, M. Lawrence, and C. Timmreck (2012): Solar irradiance reduction to counteract radiative forcing from a quadrupling of CO2: climate responses simulated by four earth system models, Earth Syst. Dynam., 3, 63-78, doi:10.5194/esd-3-63-2012

Niemeier U., H. Schmidt, C. Timmreck, (2011), The dependency of geoengineered sulfate aerosol on the emission strategy, Atmos. Science Letters, DOI: 10.1002/asl.304

Toohey M., K. Krüger, U. Niemeier, and C. Timmreck (2011): Opens external link in current windowThe influence of eruption season on the global aerosol transport and radiative impact of tropical volcanoes, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 12351-12367.

2010 - 2008

Timmreck, C., H.-F. Graf, S. J. Lorenz, U. Niemeier, D. Zanchettin, D. Matei, J. H. Jungclaus, and T. J. Crowley (2010), Aerosol size confines climate response to volcanic super-eruptions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L24705, doi:10.1029/2010GL045464

Niemeier U, Timmreck C, Graf H.-F, Kinne S, Rast S, and Self S., (2009), Initial fate of fine ash and sulfur from large volcanic eruptions, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 9, 9043--9057, www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/9043/2009/

Kokkola H, Hommel R, Kazil J, Niemeier U, Partanen A.-I, Feichter J, and Timmreck C. (2009), Aerosol microphysics modules in the framework of the ECHAM5 climate model - intercomparison under stratospheric conditions, Geoscientific Model Development, 2, 97--112, www.geosci-model-dev.net/2/97/2009/.

2007 - 2005

Niemeier, U. , C. Granier, L. Kornblueh, S. Walters, and G. P. Brasseur (2006), Global impact of road traffic on atmospheric chemical composition and on ozone climate forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D09301, doi:10.1029/2005JD006407

Granier C., U.Niemeier, J.H. Jungclaus, L.Emmons, P.Hess, J.F. Lamarque, S.Walters and G.P. Brasseur (2006): Ozone Pollution from Future Ship Traffic in the Arctic Northern Passages, Geophy. Res. Lett., L13807, doi:10.1029/2006GL026180

Richter, A., Burrows, J. P., Nüß, H., Granier C., Niemeier, U., Increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over China observed from space, Nature 437, 129-132 (1 September 2005) | doi: 10.1038/nature04092