DEUTSCH

Claudia Timmreck

Department Climate Physics
Group Stratospheric Forcing and Climate
Position Group Leader
phone +49 40 41173-384
Email claudia.timmreck@mpimet.mpg.de
Room B 407

Research

My scientific interests can essentially be summarised under the keyword "climate influence of volcanoes".  Since my doctorate in the 1990s, in which I worked on the formation and development of stratospheric aerosol after the Pinatubo eruption, I have been fascinated by the effects of large volcanic eruptions on the atmosphere and the climate. In the early years my focus was on the modelling of microphysical processes and radiative forcing, and later I added the effects of large volcanic eruptions on various compartments of the Earth system. It is important to me to understand the different pathways from volcanic emission to radiative forcing and from radiative forcing to climate response in order to better assess the impact of future volcanic eruptions on the tropical hydroclimate Furthermore, I am interested in the extent to which past climate changes can be traced back to historical volcanic eruptions

 

 

Further Information

Personal Information

Date and place of birth: April 15, 1965 in Herford (Germany)

 

Education

1991                   Diploma in Physics, University of Kiel

1997                   Ph.D. in Meteorology, University of Hamburg

2018                   Habilitation in Meteorology, University of Hamburg

                                                                                                                                             

Employment

Jun – Sep 1991     Research assistant in the research group for extraterrestrial Physics at the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Nuclear Physics (IFKKI), Christian Albrechts University, Kiel

1991 – 1997         PhD thesis at the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg

1997 – 2000         PostDoc at the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg

2000 – 2001         Research scientist at the Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University Hamburg

Since    2001 –      Research scientist at the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg

2006 – 2011         Project leader of the integrated project “Supervolcano” at the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg

Since 2018          Group leader at the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, working group Stratospheric forcing and climate

Publications

  • Andreasen, L., Cornér, J., Abbott, P., Sinclair, V., Riede, F. & Timmreck, C. (2024). Changes in Northern Hemisphere extra-tropical cyclone frequency following volcanic eruptions. Environmental research: climate, 3: 025002. doi:10.1088/2752-5295/ad2c0e [publisher-version]
  • Brodowsky, C., Sukhodolov, T., Chiodo, G., Aquila, V., Bekki, S., Dhomse, S., Höpfner, M., Laakso, A., Mann, G., Niemeier, U., Pitari, G., Quaglia, I., Rozanov, E., Schmidt, A., Sekiya, T., Tilmes, S., Timmreck, C., Vattioni, S., Visioni, D., Yu, P., Zhu, Y. & Peter, T. (2024). Analysis of the global atmospheric background sulfur budget in a multi-model framework. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 24, 5513-5548. doi:10.5194/acp-24-5513-2024 [publisher-version]
  • Günther, M., Schmidt, H., Timmreck, C. & Toohey, M. (2024). Why does stratospheric aerosol forcing strongly cool the warm pool?. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 24, 7203-7225. doi:10.5194/acp-24-7203-2024 [publisher-version]
  • Kroll, C., Fueglistaler, S., Schmidt, H., Dauhut, T. & Timmreck, C. (2024). The impact of stratospheric aerosol heating on the frozen hydrometeor transport pathways in the tropical tropopause layer. Environmental Research Letters, 19: 044039. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad33d0 [supplementary-material][publisher-version]
  • Meuer, J., Timmreck, C., Fang, S.-W. & Kadow, C. (2024). Fingerprints of past volcanic eruptions can be detected in historical climate records using machine learning. Communications Earth & Environment, 5: 455. doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01617-y [publisher-version][supplementary-material]
  • Timmreck, C., Olonscheck, D., Ballinger, A., D’Agostino, R., Fang, S.-W., Schurer, A. & Hegerl, G. (2024). Linearity of the climate response to increasingly strong tropical volcanic eruptions in a large ensemble framework. Journal of Climate, 37, 2455-2470. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0408.1 [supplementary-material]
  • van Dijk, E., Jungclaus, J., Sigl, M., Timmreck, C. & Krüger, K. (2024). High-frequency climate forcing causes prolonged cold periods in the Holocene. Communications Earth & Environment, 5: 242. doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01380-0 [publisher-version]
  • Vernier, J.-P., Aubry, T., Timmreck, C., Schmidt, A., Clarisse, L., Prata, F., Theys, N., Prata, A., Mann, G., Choi, H., Carn, S., Rigby, R., Loughlin, S. & Stevenson, J. (2024). The 2019 Raikoke eruption as a testbed used by the Volcano Response group for rapid assessment of volcanic atmospheric impacts. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 24, 5765-5782. doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-1116 [publisher-version]
  • Bruckert, J., Hoshyaripour, G., Hirsch, L., Horvath, A., Kahn, R., Kölling, T., Muser, L., Timmreck, C., Vogel, H., Wallis, S. & Vogel, B. (2023). Dispersion and aging of volcanic aerosols after the La Soufriere eruption in April 2021. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 128: e2022JD037694. doi:10.1029/2022JD037694 [publisher-version]
  • Fang, S.-W., Sigl, M., Toohey, M., Jungclaus, J., Zanchettin, D. & Timmreck, C. (2023). The role of small to moderate volcanic eruptions in the early 19th century climate. Geophysical Research Letters, 50: e2023GL105307. doi:10.1029/2023GL105307 [publisher-version]
  • Freychet, N., Schurer, A., Ballinger, A., Suarez-Gutierrez, L. & Timmreck, C. (2023). Assessing the impact of very large volcanic eruptions on the risk of extreme climate events. Environmental Research: Climate, 2: 035015 . doi:10.1088/2752-5295/acee9f [publisher-version]
  • Kroll, C., Fueglistaler, S., Schmidt, H., Kornblueh, L. & Timmreck, C. (2023). The sensitivity of moisture flux partitioning in the cold-point tropopause to external forcing. Geophysical Research Letters, 50: e2022GL102262. doi:10.1029/2022GL102262 [supplementary-material][publisher-version]
  • Niemeier, U., Wallis, S., Timmreck, C., van Pham, T. & von Savigny, C. (2023). How the Hunga Tonga - Hunga Ha'apai water vapor cloud impacts its transport through the stratosphere: dynamical and radiative effects. Geophysical Research Letters, 50: e2023GL106482. doi:10.1029/2023GL106482 [publisher-version]
  • Quaglia, I., Timmreck, C., Niemeier, U., Visioni, D., Pitari, G., Brodowsky, C., Brühl, C., Dhomse, S., Franke, H., Laakso, A., Mann, G., Rozanov, E. & Sukhodolov, T. (2023). Interactive stratospheric aerosol models' response to different amounts and altitudes of SO2 injection during the 1991 Pinatubo eruption. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 23, 921-948. doi:10.5194/acp-23-921-2023 [publisher-version][supplementary-material]
  • van Dijk, E., Gundersen, I., de Bode, A., Høeg, H., Loftsgarden, K., Iversen, F., Timmreck, C., Jungclaus, J. & Krüger, K. (2023). Climatic and societal impacts in Scandinavia following the 536 and 540 CE volcanic double event. Climate of the Past, 19, 357-398. doi:10.5194/cp-19-357-2023 [publisher-version]
  • Villamayor, J., Khodri, M., Fang, S.-W., Jungclaus, J., Timmreck, C. & Zanchettin, D. (2023). Sahel droughts induced by large volcanic eruptions over the last millennium in PMIP4/Past1000 simulations. Geophysical Research Letters, 50: e2022GL101478. doi:10.1029/2022GL101478 [publisher-version]
  • Zanchettin, D., Fang, S.-W., Khodri, M., Omrani, N.-E., Rubinetti, S., Rubino, A., Timmreck, C. & Jungclaus, J. (2023). Thermohaline patterns of intrinsic Atlantic multidecadal variability in MPI-ESM-LR. Climate Dynamics, available online.. doi:10.1007/s00382-023-06679-w
  • D'Agostino, R. & Timmreck, C. (2022). Sensitivity of regional monsoons to idealised equatorial volcanic eruption of different sulfur emission strengths. Environmental Research Letters, 17: 054001. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac62af [publisher-version]
  • Fang, S.-W., Timmreck, C., Jungclaus, J., Krüger , K. & Schmidt, H. (2022). On the additivity of climate responses to the volcanic and solar forcing in the early 19th century.. Earth System Dynamics, 13, 1535-1555. doi:10.5194/esd-13-1535-2022 [pre-print][supplementary-material][publisher-version]
  • Günther, M., Schmidt, H., Timmreck, C. & Toohey, M. (2022). Climate feedback to stratospheric aerosol forcing: the key role of the pattern effect. Journal of Climate, 35, 4303-4317. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0306.1 [publisher-version]
  • Marshall, L., Maters, E., Schmidt, A., Timmreck, C., Robock, A. & Toohey, M. (2022). Volcanic effects on climate: recent advances and future avenues. Bulletin of Volcanology, 84: 54. doi:10.1007/s00445-022-01559-3 [publisher-version]
  • van Dijk, E., Jungclaus, J., Lorenz, S., Timmreck, C. & Krueger, K. (2022). Was there a volcanic-induced long-lasting cooling over the Northern Hemisphere in the mid-6th-7th century?. Climate of the Past, 18, 1601-1623. doi:10.5194/cp-18-1601-2022 [publisher-version]
  • Zanchettin, D., Timmreck, C., Khodri, M., Schmidt, A., Toohey, M., Abe, M., Bekki, S., Cole, J., Fang, S.-W., Feng, W., Hegerl, G., Johnson, B., Lebas, N., Legrande, A., Mann, G., Marshall, L., Rieger, L., Robock, A., Rubinetti, S., Tsigaridis, K. & Weierbach, H. (2022). Effects of forcing differences and initial conditions on inter-model agreement in the VolMIP volc-pinatubo-full experiment. Geoscientific Model Development, 15, 2265-2292. doi:10.5194/gmd-15-2265-2022 [publisher-version]
  • Abbott, P., Niemeier, U., Timmreck, C., Riede, F., McConnell, J., Severi, M., Fischer, H., Svensson, A., Toohey, M., Reinig, F. & Sigl, M. (2021). Volcanic climate forcing preceding the inception of the Younger Dryas: Implications for tracing the Laacher See eruption. Quaternary Science Reviews, 274: 107260. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107260 [publisher-version]
  • Azoulay, A., Schmidt, H. & Timmreck, C. (2021). The Arctic polar vortex response to volcanic forcing of different strengths. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126: e2020JD034450. doi:10.1029/2020JD034450 [supplementary-material][publisher-version]
  • Brenna, H., Kutterolf, S., Mills, M., Niemeier, U., Timmreck, C. & Krüger, K. (2021). Decadal disruption of the QBO by tropical volcanic supereruptions. Geophysical Research Letters, 48: e2020GL089687. doi:10.1029/2020GL089687 [publisher-version]
  • Clyne, M., Lamarque, J.-F., Mills, M., Khodri, M., Ball, W., Bekki, S., Dhomse, S., Lebas, N., Mann, G., Marshall, L., Niemeier, U., Poulain, V., Robock, A., Rozanov, E., Schmidt, A., Stenke, A., Sukhodolov, T., Timmreck, C., Toohey, M., Tummon, F., Zanchettin, D., Zhu, Y. & Toon, O. (2021). Model physics and chemistry causing intermodel disagreement within the VolMIP-Tambora Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol ensemble. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 31, 3317-3343. doi:10.5194/acp-21-3317-2021 [publisher-version][supplementary-material]
  • Fang, S.-W., Khodri, M., Timmreck, C., Zanchettin, D. & Jungclaus, J. (2021). Disentangling internal and external contributions to Atlantic multidecadal variabilityover the past millennium. Geophysical Research Letters, 48: e2021GL095990. doi:10.1029/2021GL095990 [publisher-version]
  • Jones, C., Hickman, J., Rumbold, S., Walton, J., Lamboll, R., Skeie, R., Fiedler, S., Forster, P., Rogelj, J., Abe, M., Botzet, M., Calvin, K., Cassou, C., Cole, J., Davini, P., Deushi, M., Dix, M., Fyfe, J., Gillett, N., Ilyina, T., Kawamiya, M., Kelley, M., Kharin, S., Koshiro, T., Li, H., Mackallah, C., Müller, W., Nabat, P., van Noije, T., Nolan, P., Ohgaito, R., Olivié, D., Oshima, N., Parodi, J., Reerink, T., Ren, L., Romanou, A., Séférian, R., Tang, Y., Timmreck, C., Tjiputra, J., Tourigny, E., Tsigaridis, K., Wang, H., Wu, M., Wyser, K., Yang, S., Yang, Y. & Ziehn, T. (2021). The climate response to emissions reductions due to COVID-19: Initial results from CovidMIP. Geophysical Research Letters, 48: e2020GL091883. doi:10.1029/2020GL091883 [publisher-version]
  • Kroll , C., Dacie, S., Azoulay, A., Schmidt, H. & Timmreck, C. (2021). The impact of volcanic eruptions of different magnitude on stratospheric water vapour in the tropics. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 21, 6565-6591. doi:10.5194/acp-21-6565-2021 [supplementary-material][publisher-version]
  • Malinina, E., Rozanov, A., Niemeier, U., Peglow, S., Arosio, C., Wrana, F., Timmreck, C., von Savigny, C. & Burrows, J. (2021). Changes in stratospheric aerosol extinction coefficient after the 2018 Ambae eruption as seen by OMPS-LP and ECHAM5-HAM. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 21, 14871-14891. doi:10.5194/acp-21-14871-2021 [publisher-version][supplementary-material]
  • Niemeier, U., Riede, F. & Timmreck, C. (2021). Simulation of ash clouds after a Laacher See-type eruption. Climate of the Past, 17, 633-652. doi:10.5194/cp-17-633-2021 [publisher-version][supplementary-material]
  • Timmreck, C., Toohey, M., Zanchettin, D., Brönnimann, S., Lundstadt, E. & Wilson, R. (2021). The unidentified eruption of 1809: a climatic cold case. Climate of the Past, 17, 1455-1482. doi:10.5194/cp-17-1455-2021 [supplementary-material][publisher-version][supplementary-material]
  • Fiedler, S., Crueger, T., D'Agostino, R., Peters, K., Becker, T., Leutwyler, D., Paccini, L., Burdanowitz, J., Buehler, S., Uribe, A., Dauhut, T., Dommenget, D., Fraedrich, K., Jungandreas, L., Maher, N., Naumann, A., Rugenstein, M., Sakradzija, M., Schmidt, H., Sielmann, F., Stephan, C., Timmreck, C., Zhu , X. & Stevens, B. (2020). Simulated tropical precipitation assessed across three major phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Monthly Weather Review, 148, 3653-3680. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-19-0404.1 [publisher-version][supplementary-material]
  • Hermanson, L., Bilbao, R., Dunstone, N., Ménégoz, M., Ortega, P., Pohlmann, H., Robson, J., Smith, D., Strand, G., Timmreck, C., Yeager, S. & Danabasoglu, G. (2020). Robust multiyear climate impacts of volcanic eruptions in decadal prediction systems. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125: e2019JD031739. doi:10.1029/2019JD031739 [publisher-version]
  • Riede, F., Hussain, S., Timmreck, C. & Svenning, J.-C. (2020). CLIOdynamic ARCHaeology: computational approaches to final Palaeolithic/Early Mesolithic archaeology and climate change. Antiquity, 94: e13. doi:10.15184/aqy.2020.85 [publisher-version]
  • von Savigny, C., Timmreck, C., Buehler, S., Burrows, J., Giorgetta, M., Hegerl, G., Horvath, A., Hoshyaripour, G., Hoose, C., Quaas, J., Malinina, E., Rozanov, A., Schmidt, H., Thomason, L., Toohey, M. & Vogel, B. (2020). The Research Unit VolImpact: Revisiting the volcanic impact on atmosphere and climate – preparations for the next big volcanic eruption. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 3-18. doi:10.1127/metz/2019/0999 [publisher-version]
  • Niemeier, U., Timmreck, C. & Krüger , K. (2019). Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing: Impact of one or two eruptions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19, 10379-10390. doi:10.5194/acp-19-10379-2019 [publisher-version][supplementary-material]
  • Schurer, A., Hegerl, G., Luterbacher, J., Brönnimann, S., Cowan, T., Tett, S., Zanchettin, D. & Timmreck, C. (2019). Disentangling the causes of the 1816 European year without a summer. Environmental Research Letters, 14: 094019. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab3a10 [publisher-version][supplementary-material]
  • Toohey, M., Krüger, K., Schmidt, H., Timmreck, C., Sigl, M., Stoffel, M. & Wilson, R. (2019). Disproportionately strong climate forcing from extratropical explosive volcanic eruptions. Nature Geoscience, 12, 100-107. doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0286-2
  • Zanchettin, D., Timmreck, C., Toohey, M., Jungclaus, J., Bittner, M., Lorenz, S. & Rubino, A. (2019). Clarifying the relative role of forcing uncertainties and initial-condition unknowns in spreading the climate response to volcanic eruptions. Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 1602-1611. doi:10.1029/2018GL081018 [publisher-version]
  • Illing, S., Kadow, C., Pohlmann, H. & Timmreck, C. (2018). Assessing the impact of a future volcanic eruption on decadal predictions. Earth System Dynamics, 9, 701-715. doi:10.5194/esd-9-701-2018 [publisher-version][supplementary-material]
  • Marshall, L., Schmidt, A., Toohey, M., Carslaw, K., Mann, G., Sigl, M., Khodri, M., Timmreck, C., Zanchettin, D., Ball, W., Bekki, S., Brooke, J., Dhomse, S., Johnson, C., Lamarque, J.-F., LeGrande, A., Mills, M., Niemeier, U., Poulain, V., Robock, A., Rozanov, E., Stenke, A., Sukhodolov, T., Tilmes, S., Tsigaridis, K. & Tummon, F. (2018). Multi-model comparison of the volcanic sulfate deposition from the 1815 eruption of Mt. Tambora. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18, 2307-2328. doi:10.5194/acp-2017-729 [publisher-version][supplementary-material]
  • Timmreck, C., Mann, G., Aquila, V., Hommel , R., Lee, L., Schmidt, A., Brühl, C., Carn, S., Chin, M., Dhomse, S., Diehl, T., English, J., Mills, M., Neely, R., Sheng, J., Toohey , M. & Weisenstein, D. (2018). The Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project (ISA-MIP): Motivation and experimental design. Geoscientific Model Development, 11, 2581-2608. doi:10.5194/gmd-2017-308 [publisher-version][supplementary-material]
  • Jungclaus, J., Bard, E., Baroni, M., Braconnot, P., Cao, J., Chini, L., Egorova, T., Evans, M., González-Rouco, J., Goosse, H., Hurtt, G., Joos, F., Kaplan, J., Khodri, M., Klein Goldewijk, K., Krivova, N., LeGrande, A., Lorenz, S., Luterbacher, J., Man, W., Meinshausen, M., Moberg, A., Nehrbass-Ahles, C., Otto-Bliesner, B., Phipps, S., Pongratz, J., Rozanov, E., Schmidt, G., Schmidt, H., Schmutz, W., Schurer, A., Shapiro, A., Sigl, M., Smerdon, J., Solanki, S., Timmreck, C., Toohey, M., Usoskin, I., Wagner, S., Wu, C.-Y., Yeo, K., Zanchettin, D., Zhang, Q. & Zorita, E. (2017). The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 - Part 3: the Last Millennium, scientific objective and experimental design for the PMIP4 past1000 simulations. Geoscientific Model Development, 10, 4005-4033. doi:10.5194/gmd-2016-278 [publisher-version][supplementary-material]
  • Bittner, M., Schmidt, H., Timmreck, C. & Sienz, F. (2016). Using a large ensemble of simulations to assess the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric dynamical response to tropical volcanic eruptions and its uncertainty. Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 9324-9332. doi:10.1002/2016GL070587 [publisher-version]
  • Bittner, M., Timmreck, C., Schmidt, H., Toohey, M. & Krüger , K. (2016). The impact of wave-mean flow interaction on the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex after tropical volcanic eruptions. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 121, 5281-5297. doi:10.1002/2015JD024603 [publisher-version]
  • Kremser, S., Thomason, L., von Hobe, M., Hermann, M., Deshler, T., Timmreck, C., Toohey, M., Stenke, A., Schwarz, J., Weigel, R., Fueglistaler, S., Prata, F., Vernier, J., Schlager, H., Barnes, J., Antuña‐Marrero, J., Fairlie, D., Palm, M., Mahieu, E., Notholt, J., Rex, M., Bingen, C., Vanhellemont, F., Bourassa, A., Plane, J., Klocke, D., Carn, S., Clarisse, L., Trickl, T., Neely, R., James, A., Rieger, L., Wilson, J. & Meland, B. (2016). Stratospheric aerosol - Observations, processes, and impact on climate. Reviews of Geophysics, 54, 278-335. doi:10.1002/2015RG000511 [publisher-version]
  • Laakso, A., Kokkola, H., Partanen, A.-I., Niemeier, U., Timmreck, C., Lehtinen, K., Hakkarainen, H. & Korhonen, H. (2016). Radiative and climate impacts of a large volcanic eruption during stratospheric sulfur geoengineering. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16, 305-323. doi:10.5194/acp-16-305-2016 [publisher-version]
  • Marotzke, J., Müller, W., Vamborg, F., Becker, P., Cubasch, U., Feldmann, H., Kaspar, F., Kottmeier, C., Marini, C., Polkova, I., Prömmel, K., Rust, H., Stammer, D., Ulbrich, U., Kadow, C., Köhl, A., Kröger, J., Kruschke, T., Pinto, J., Pohlmann, H., Reyers, M., Schröder, M., Sienz, F., Timmreck, C. & Ziese, M. (2016). MiKlip - a National Research Project on Decadal Climate Prediction. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 97, 2379-2394. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00184.1 [publisher-version]
  • Raible, C., Brönnimann, S., Auchmann, R., Brohan, P., Frölicher, T., Graf, H., Jones, P., Luterbacher, J., Muthers, S., Neukom, R., Robock, A., Self, S., Sudrajat, A., Timmreck, C. & Wegmann, M. (2016). Tambora 1815 as a test case for high impact volcanic eruptions: Earth system effects. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 7, 569-589. doi:10.1002/wcc.407 [publisher-version]
  • Timmreck, C., Pohlmann, H., Illing, S. & Kadow, C. (2016). The impact of stratospheric volcanic aerosol on decadal-scale climate predictions. Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 834-842. doi:10.1002/2015GL067431 [publisher-version]
  • Toohey, M., Stevens, B., Schmidt, H. & Timmreck, C. (2016). Easy Volcanic Aerosol (EVA v1.0): An idealized forcing generator for climate simulations. Geoscientific Model Development, 9, 4049-4070. doi:10.5194/gmd-9-4049-2016 [publisher-version][supplementary-material]
  • Zanchettin, D., Khodri, M., Timmreck, C., Toohey, M., Schmidt, A., Gerber, E., Hegerl, G., Robock, A., Pausata, F., Ball, W., Bauer, S., Bekki, S., Dhomse, S., LeGrande, A., Mann, G., Marshall, L., Mills, M., Marchand, M., Niemeier, U., Paulain, V., Rubino, A., Stenke, A., Tsigaridis, K. & Tummon, F. (2016). The Model Intercomparison Project on the climatic response to volcanic forcing (VolMIP): Experimental design and forcing input data. Geoscientific Model Development, 9, 2701-2719. doi:10.5194/gmd-9-2701-2016 [publisher-version]
  • Hommel, R., Timmreck, C., Giorgetta, M. & Graf, H. (2015). Quasi-biennial oscillation of the tropical stratospheric aerosol layer. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15, 5557-5584. doi:10.5194/acp-15-5557-2015 [publisher-version]
  • Niemeier, U. & Timmreck, C. (2015). What is the limit of climate engineering by stratospheric injection of SO2?. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15, 9129-9141. doi:10.5194/acp-15-9129-2015 [publisher-version]
  • Pascolini-Campbell, M., Zanchettin, D., Bothe, O., Timmreck, C., Matei, D., Jungclaus, J. & Graf, H.-F. (2015). Toward a record of Central Pacific El Niño events since 1880. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 119, 379-389. doi:10.1007/s00704-014-1114-2
  • Sudarchikova, N., Mikolajewicz, U., Timmreck, C., O'Donnell, D., Schurgers, G., Sein, D. & Zhang, K. (2015). Modelling of mineral dust for interglacial and glacial climate conditions with a focus on Antarctica. Climate of the Past, 11, 765-779. doi:10.5194/cp-11-765-2015 [publisher-version][publisher-version]
  • Graf, H.-F., Zanchettin, D., Timmreck, C. & Bittner, M. (2014). Observational constraints on the tropospheric and near-surface signature of the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex. Climate Dynamics, 43, 3245-3266. doi:10.1007/s00382-014-2101-0
  • Metzner, D., Toohey, M., Kutterolf, S., Timmreck, C., Niemeier, U., Freundt, A. & Krüger, K. (2014). Radiative forcing and climate impact resulting from the SO2 injections by large Plinian eruptions along the Central American Volcanic Arc. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 103, 2063-2079. doi:10.1007/s00531-012-0814-z
  • Toohey, M., Krüger, K., Bittner, M., Timmreck, C. & Schmidt, H. (2014). The impact of volcanic aerosol on the northern hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex: mechanism and sensitivity to forcing structure. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14, 13063-13079. doi:10.5194/acp-14-13063-2014 [publisher-version]
  • Zanchettin, D., Bothe, O., Timmreck, C., Bader, J., Beitsch, A., Graf, H.-F., Notz, D. & Jungclaus, J. (2014). Inter-hemispheric asymmetry in the sea-ice response to volcanic forcing simulated by MPI-ESM (COSMOS-Mill). Earth System Dynamics, 5, 223-242. doi:10.5194/esd-5-223-2014 [publisher-version][supplementary-material]
  • Alterskjær, K., Kristjánsson, J., Boucher, O., Muri, H., Niemeier, U., Schmidt, H., Schulz, M. & Timmreck, C. (2013). Sea-salt injections into the low-latitude marine boundary layer: The transient response in three earth system models. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 118, 12195-12206. doi:10.1002/2013JD020432 [publisher-version]
  • Giorgetta, M., Jungclaus, J., Reick, C., Legutke, S., Bader, J., Böttinger, M., Brovkin, V., Crueger, T., Esch, M., Fieg, K., Glushak, K., Gayler, V., Haak, H., Hollweg, H.-D., Ilyina, T., Kinne, S., Kornblueh, L., Matei, D., Mauritsen, T., Mikolajewicz, U., Mueller, W., Notz, D., Pithan, F., Raddatz, T., Rast, S., Redler, R., Roeckner, E., Schmidt, H., Schnur, R., Segschneider, J., Six, K., Stockhause, M., Timmreck, C., Wegner, J., Widmann, H., Wieners, K.-H., Claussen, M., Marotzke, J. & Stevens, B. (2013). Climate and carbon cycle changes from 1850 to 2100 in MPI-ESM simulations for the coupled model intercomparison project phase 5. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 5, 572-597. doi:10.1002/jame.20038 [publisher-version]
  • Schmidt, H., Rast, S., Bunzel, F., Esch, M., Giorgetta, M., Kinne, S., Krismer, T., Stenchikov, G., Timmreck, C., Tomassini, L. & Walz, M. (2013). The response of the middle atmosphere to anthropogenic and natural forcing in the CMIP5 simulations with the MPI-ESM. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 5, 98-116. doi:10.1002/jame.20014 [publisher-version]
  • Segschneider, J., Beitsch, A., Timmreck, C., Brovkin, V., Ilyina, T., Jungclaus, J., Lorenz, S., Six, K. & Zanchettin, D. (2013). Impact of an extremely large magnitude volcanic eruption on the global climate and carbon cycle estimated from ensemble Earth System Model simulations. Biogeosciences, 10, 669-687. doi:10.5194/bg-10-669-2013 [publisher-version]
  • Toohey, M., Krüger, K. & Timmreck, C. (2013). Volcanic sulfate deposition to Greenland and Antarctica: A modeling sensitivity study. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 118, 4788-4800. doi:10.1002/jgrd.50428 [publisher-version]
  • Zanchettin, D., Bothe, O., Graf, H., Lorenz, S., Luterbacher, J., Timmreck, C. & Jungclaus, J. (2013). Background conditions influence the decadal climate response to strong volcanic eruptions. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 118, 4090-4106. doi:10.1002/jgrd.50229 [publisher-version]
  • Zanchettin, D., Timmreck, C., Bothe, O., Lorenz, S., Hegerl, G., Graf, H., Luterbacher, J. & Jungclaus, J. (2013). Delayed winter warming: A robust decadal response to strong tropical volcanic eruptions ?. Geophysical Research Letters, 40, 204-209. doi:10.1029/2012GL054403 [publisher-version]
  • Anchukaitis, K., Breitenmoser, P., Briffa, K., Buchwa, A., Büntgen, U., Cook, E., D'Arrigo, R., Esper, J., Evans, M., Frank, D., Grudd, H., Gunnarson, B., Hughes, M., Kirdyanov, A., Körner, C., Krusic, P., Luckman, B., Melvin, T., Salzer, M., Shashkin, A., Timmreck, C., Vaganov, E. & Wilson, R. (2012). Tree rings and volcanic cooling. Nature Geoscience, 5, 836-837. doi:10.1038/ngeo1645
  • Schmidt, H., Alterskjaer, K., Bou Karam, D., Boucher, O., Jones, A., Kristjansson, J., Niemeier, U., Schulz, M., Aaheim, A., Benduhn, F., Lawrence, M. & Timmreck, C. (2012). Solar irradiance reduction to counteract radiative forcing from a quadrupling of CO2: climate responses simulated by four earth system models. Earth System Dynamics, 3, 63-78. doi:10.5194/esd-3-63-2012 [publisher-version]
  • Timmreck, C., Graf, H.-F., Zanchettin, D., Hagemann, S., Kleinen, T. & Krüger, K. (2012). Climate response to the Toba super-eruption: regional changes. Quaternary International, 258, 30-44. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.10.008
  • Timmreck, C. (2012). Modeling the climatic effects of large explosive volcanic eruptions. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 3, 545-564. doi:10.1002/WCC.192
  • Zanchettin, D., Timmreck, C., Graf, H.-F., Rubino, A., Lorenz, S., Lohmann, K., Krüger, K. & Jungclaus, J. (2012). Bi-decadal variability excited in the coupled ocean-atmosphere system by strong tropical volcanic eruptions. Climate Dynamics, 39, 419-444. doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1167-1
  • Niemeier, U., Schmidt, H. & Timmreck, C. (2011). The dependency of geoengineered sulfate aerosol on the emission strategy. Atmospheric Science Letters, 12, 189-194. doi:10.1002/asl.304 [publisher-version]
  • Toohey, M., Krüger, K., Niemeier, U. & Timmreck, C. (2011). The influence of eruption season on the global aerosol evolution and radiative impact of tropical volcanic eruptions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11, 12351-12367. doi:10.5194/acp-11-12351-2011 [publisher-version]
  • Brovkin, V., Lorenz, S., Jungclaus, J., Raddatz, T., Timmreck, C., Reick, C., Segschneider, J. & Six, K. (2010). Sensitivity of a coupled climate-carbon cycle model to large volcanic eruptions. Tellus B, 62, 674-681. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00471.x [publisher-version]
  • Jungclaus, J., Lorenz, S., Timmreck, C., Reick, C., Brovkin, V., Six, K., Segschneider, J., Giorgetta, M., Crowley, T., Pongratz, J., Krivova, N., Vieira, L., Solanki, S., Klocke, D., Botzet, M., Esch, M., Gayler, V., Haak, H., Raddatz, T., Roeckner, E., Schnur, R., Widmann, H., Claussen, M., Stevens, B. & Marotzke, J. (2010). Climate and carbon-cycle variability over the last millennium. Climate of the Past, 6, 723-737. doi:10.5194/cp-6-723-2010 [publisher-version]
  • Timmreck, C., Graf, H.-F., Lorenz, S., Niemeier, U., Zanchettin, D., Matei, D., Jungclaus, J. & Crowley, T. (2010). Aerosol size confines climate response to volcanic super-eruptions. Geophysical Research Letters, 37: L24705. doi:10.1029/2010GL045464. [publisher-version]
  • Kokkola, H., Hommel, R., Kazil, J., Niemeier, U., Partanen, A.-I., Feichter, J. & Timmreck, C. (2009). Aerosol microphysics modules in the framework of the ECHAM5 climate model – intercomparison under stratospheric conditions. Geoscientific Model Development, 2, 97-112. [publisher-version]
  • Niemeier, U., Timmreck, C., Graf, H.-F., Kinne, S., Rast, S. & Self, S. (2009). Initial fate of fine ash and sulfur from large volcanic eruptions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 9, 9043-9057. doi:10.5194/acp-9-9043-2009 [publisher-version]
  • Thomas, M., Timmreck, C., Giorgetta, M., Graf, H.-F. & Stenchikov, G. (2009). Simulation of the climate impact of Mt. Pinatubo eruption using ECHAM5 – Part 1: Sensitivity to the modes of atmospheric circulation and boundary conditions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 9, 1747-1766. [publisher-version]
  • Thomas, M., Giorgetta, M., Timmreck, C., Graf, H.-F. & Stenchikov, G. (2009). Simulation of the climate impact of Mt. Pinatubo eruption using ECHAM5 – Part 2: Sensitivity to the phase of the QBO. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 9, 3001-3009. doi:10.5194/acp-9-3001-2009 [publisher-version]
  • Timmreck, C., Lorenz, S., Crowley, T., Kinne, S., Raddatz, T., Thomas, A. & Jungclaus, J. (2009). Limited temperature response to the very large AD 1258 volcanic eruption. Geophysical Research Letters, 36: L21708. doi:10.1029/2009GL040083 [publisher-version]
  • Timmreck, C. & Graf, H. (2006). The initial dispersal and radiative forcing of a Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude super volcano: a model study. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 6, 35-49. doi:10.5194/acp-6-35-2006 [publisher-version][supplementary-material]
  • Textor, C., Graf, H., Longo, A., Neri, A., Ongaro, T., Papale, P., Timmreck, C. & Ernst, G. (2005). Numerical simulation of explosive volcanic eruptions from the conduit flow to global atmospheric scales. Annals of Geophysics, 48, 817-842. doi:10.4401/ag-3237 [publisher-version]
  • Timmreck, C. & Schulz, M. (2004). Significant dust simulation differences in nudged and climatological operation mode of the AGCM ECHAM. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 109(D13): D13202. doi:10.1029/2003JD004381 [publisher-version]
  • Kinne, S., Lohmann, U., Feichter, J., Schulz, M., Timmreck, C., Ghan, S., Easter, R., Chin, M., Ginoux, P., Takemura, T., Tegen, I., Koch, D., Herzog, M., Penner, J., Pitari, G., Holben, B., Eck, T., Smirnov, A., Dubovik, O., Slutsker, I., Tanre, D., Torres, O., Mishchenko, M., Geogdzhayev, I., Chu, D. & Kaufman, Y. (2003). Monthly averages of aerosol properties: A global comparison among models, satellite data, and AERONET ground data. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 108(D20): 4634. doi:10.1029/2001JD001253 [publisher-version]
  • Korhonen, H., Napari, I., Timmreck, C., Vehkamaki, H., Pirjola, L., Lehtinen, K., Lauri, A. & Kulmala, M. (2003). Heterogeneous nucleation as a potential sulphate-coating mechanism of atmospheric mineral dust particles and implications of coated dust on new particle formation. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 108(D17): 4546. doi:10.1029/2003JD003553 [publisher-version]
  • Lohmann, U., Karcher, B. & Timmreck, C. (2003). Impact of the Mount Pinatubo eruption on cirrus clouds formed by homogeneous freezing in the ECHAM4 GCM. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 108(D18): 4568. doi:10.1029/2002JD003185 [publisher-version]
  • Vehkamaki, H., Kulmala, M., Napari, I., Lehtinen, K., Timmreck, C., Noppel, M. & Laaksonen, A. (2002). An improved parameterization for sulfuric acid-water nucleation rates for tropospheric and stratospheric conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 107(D22): 4622. doi:10.1029/2002JD002184 [publisher-version][supplementary-material]
  • Timmreck, C. (2001). Three-dimensional simulation of stratospheric background aerosol: First results of a multiannual general circulation model simulation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 106, 28313-28332. doi:10.1029/2001JD000765 [publisher-version]
  • Timmreck, C. & Graf, H. (2000). A microphysical model for simulation of stratospheric aerosol in a climate model. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 9, 263-282. doi:10.1127/metz/9/2000/263
  • Timmreck, C., Graf, H. & Kirchner, I. (1999). A one and half year interactive MA/ECHAM4 simulation of Mount Pinatubo Aerosol. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 104, 9337-9359. doi:10.1029/1999JD900088 [publisher-version]
  • Timmreck, C., Graf, H. & Feichter, J. (1999). Simulation of Mt. Pinatubo volcanic aerosol with the Hamburg climate model ECHAM4. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 62, 85-108. doi:10.1007/s007040050076

  • Timmreck, C., D'Agostino, R., Fang, S.-W., Ballinger, A., Hegerl, G., Kang, S. & Olonscheck, D. (2024). Relative role of land and ocean in shaping tropical hydroclimate after large volcanic eruptions. . EGU General Assembly 2024. Wien. 2024-04-14 - 2024-04-19 doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu24-6543 [abstract]
  • Timmreck, C. (2023). Abkühlung durch starke vulkanische Eruptionen und ihre Nebeneffekte. In Lozán, J., Grassl, H., Breckle, S.-W., Kasang, D. & Quante, M. (Eds.), Warnsignal Klima: Hilft Technik gegen die Erderwärmung? (pp.237-242). Hamburg: Wissenschaftliche Auswertungen. [publisher-version]
  • Lühr, B. & Timmreck, C. (2018). Vulkane und Klima. In Lozán, J., Breckle, S.-W., Grassl, H., Kasang, D. & Weisse, R. (Eds.), Warnsignal Klima: Extremereignisse - wissenschaftliche Fakten (pp.250-254). Hamburg: Wissenschaftliche Auswertungen. [publisher-version]
  • Timmreck, C. (2018). Climatic effects of large volcanic eruptions. Habilitation Thesis, Hamburg: Universität Hamburg. Berichte zur Erdsystemforschung, 204. doi:10.17617/2.2566000 [publisher-version]
  • Timmreck, C. (2011). Begrenzter Klimaeinfluss von extrem großen Vulkaneruptionen. Jahrbuch / Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 2010. [publisher-version]
  • Baldwin, M., Dameris, D., Austin, J., Bekki, S., Bregman, B., Scinocca, J., Shindell, D., Struthers, H., Takahashi, M. & Thompson, D. (2006). Climate-Ozone Connections. In NOAA, UNEP, WMO (Eds.), Scientific Assessment of ozone depletion: 2006 Genf: World Meteorological Organization. [publisher-version]
  • Weisenstein, D., Bekki, S., Mills, M., Pitari, G. & Timmreck, C. (2006). Modeling of stratospheric aerosols. In Thomason, L. & Peter, T. (Eds.), Assessment of stratospheric aerosol properties (ASAP) (pp.219-272). Genf: SPARC Scientific Steering Group. [publisher-version]
  • Textor, C., Graf, H.-F., Timmreck, C. & Robock, A. (2004). Emissions from volcanoes. In Granier, C., Artaxo, P. & Reeves, C. (Eds.), Emissions of atmospheric trace compounds (pp.269-303). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publ..
  • Hommel, R., Timmreck, C. & Granf, H. (2003). Global stratospheric sulfate aerosol modeling with ECHAM5 GCM. Journal of Aerosol Science, 34(Suppl. 2), S1147-S1148.
  • Timmreck, C., Graf, H. & Steil, B. (2003). Aerosol chemistry interactions after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption. In Robock, A. (Eds.), Volcanism and the earth's atmosphere (pp.213-225). Washington: American Geophysical Union.
  • Timmreck, C. (2003). Simulation of UT/LS aerosol with a chemistry-microphysics-climate model. Journal of Aerosol Science, 34(Suppl. 2), 1053-1054. doi:10.1016/S0021-8502(03)00164-2 [publisher-version]
  • Timmreck, C. & Schulz, M. (2003). Interannual variability of sea salt simulated with a general circulation model. Journal of Aerosol Science, 34(Suppl.), 543-544.
  • Timmreck, C. (1997). Simulationen zur Bildung und Entwicklung von stratosphärischem Aerosol unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Pinatuboepisode. Phd Thesis, Hamburg: University of Hamburg. Examensarbeit / Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, 46. [publisher-version]
  • Timmreck, C. (1991). Analyse eines Sensorkonzeptes -Monte-Carlo-Simulation für den Protonen- und Helium-Nachweis des Kieler EPHIN-Instruments an Bord von SOHO. Thesis, Kiel: Institut für Reine und Angewandte Kernphysik der Christian-Albrecht-Universität.