The schematic graphic shows four processes, which contribute to the moisture transport into the stratosphere. Additionally, the atmospheric temperature profiles with and without the effects of an vulcanic perturbation are depicted. The first depicted transport pathway is labeled as "slowly ascending water vapour", visualized with a blue disk and an upwards pointing arrow. The second shown transport pathway is "cold-point overshooting convection". Convection, which reaches the cold-point, can transport frozen moisture upwards. Above the cold-point the frozen moisture sublimates due to increasing temperatures and contributes to the stratospheric water vapour budget. This process is symbolized by a deep convective tower. Arrows represent the vertical transport as well as horizontal detrainment below the cold-point. The third transport pathway is named "in-cloud upwelling". The interaction of frozen moisture with radiation leads to local heating inducing updrafts. The "in-cloud upwelling" is represented by a small cirrus cloud, which is restricted to the height levels around the cold-point. A vertical arrow visualizes the upward motion. The last transport pathway is called "turbulent mixing". Small scale turbulence leads to mixing of frozen moisture with the surrounding air. This process is symbolized with circular arrows around a small cirrus cloud. The last subgraphic shows two atmospheric temperature profiles as function of height, in black without vulcanic pertrubation (control) and in green with the effects caused by the presence of volcanic aerosol (volcano). In the unperturbed scenario (black line) temperature decreases with height up to an altitude marked as cold-point where temperature starts to increase again. In the volcanic scenario (green line) a temperature reduction below the cold-point is visible. This temperature reduction is caused by the backscattering of incoming solar radiation by the volcanic aerosol. The cold-point temperature and the temperatures above the cold-point increase in consequence of longwave and near infrared absorption by the aerosol. The corresponding heating by the volcanic aerosol leads to a downward shift of the cold-point. This downward shift is emphasized by horizontal lines for the unperturbed and perturbed scenario.