• Institute
    • Recommendations for handling the corona virus
      • Corona Task Force
      • General information on COVID-19
      • FAQs
    • Mission
    • Organisation
    • Staff
    • Visitor Information
      • International Office
        • Accommodation
        • Useful links
        • Stipend Programme
      • Hotel List
    • IT
      • User Accounts
      • Regulations for Use of IT Facilities
      • Password policy and account unlock
      • Poster
    • Library and Information Services
    • Research Reports
    • Contact
    • Opportunities
    • Equal Opportunities
      • Mentoring and career advancement
      • Reconciliation of work and family
  • Science
    • Overview
    • The Atmosphere in the Earth System
      • Department Members
      • Working Groups
        • Global Circulation and Climate
          • Group Members
          • Publications
        • Precipitating Convection
          • Group Members
          • Research
          • Publications
        • Stratospheric Forcing and Climate
          • Group members
          • Volcanoes
          • Climate Engineering
          • Publications
        • Tropical Cloud Observation
          • Research
          • Barbados Cloud Observatory
          • HALO
          • Group Members
          • Publications
        • Wave Driven Circulations
          • Group members
        • Drivers of tropical circulation
          • Group Members
          • Publications
        • Cloud-wave coupling
          • Group members
      • Publications
      • Field Studies
        • FESSTVaL
        • EUREC4A
        • NARVAL
        • Blogs
          • Barbados
          • Ships
      • Workshops
        • Ringberg Workshops
          • Ringberg 2014
          • Ringberg 2015
          • Ringberg 2018
        • ISSI
        • EarthCARE
          • Fact Sheet
          • Relevant Publications
      • AES Seminar
        • Archive
    • The Land in the Earth System
      • Department Members
      • Working Groups
        • Director's Research Group
          • Group Members
          • Publications
        • Climate-Biogeosphere Interaction
          • Group Members
          • Publications
          • Lectures
          • Workshop-Material
          • CMIP6 landcover change emission data
          • Landuse change emission data
          • LUCID-CMIP5
          • EMBRACE-CMIP5
          • Vegetation Cover Benchmarking
          • CLIMBER Publications
        • Global Vegetation Modelling
          • Group Members
          • Publications
          • JSBACH Publications
        • Boundary Layer Measurements and Modelling
          • Group Members
          • Publications
        • Land use in the Earth system
          • Group Members
          • Publications
          • Topics for students
      • Publications
      • LES Retreats
    • The Ocean in the Earth System
      • Department Members
      • Scientific Working Groups
        • Director's Research Group
          • Group Members
          • Publications
        • AMCP
          • Group members
          • Publications
        • Ocean Statistics
          • Group Members
          • Publications
        • Ocean Biogeochemistry
          • Research
          • Group Members
          • Previous Group Members
          • Publications
          • Publications 1995 to 2003 of former MPIfM group Ocean
        • Ocean Physics
          • Group Members
          • Former members
          • Projects
          • Publications
        • Decadal Climate Predictions - MiKlip
          • Group Members
          • Publications
        • Sea Ice in the Earth System
          • Group Members
          • Publications
        • Observations, Analysis and Synthesis
          • Group Members
          • Publications
      • Publications
    • IMPRS-ESM
      • Research areas
        • Atmosphere
          • PhD candidates
          • PhD topics
          • Publications
        • Land
          • PhD candidates
          • PhD topics
          • Publications
        • Ocean
          • PhD candidates
          • PhD topics
          • Publications
        • Human Dimension
          • PhD candidates
          • PhD topics
          • Publications
      • Academic programme
        • Advisory Panel system
        • Curriculum
          • Seminars
          • Courses
          • Retreats
        • Opportunities
      • Our people
        • PhD candidates
          • PhD representatives
        • Advisors
        • Lecturers
        • Executive Committee
        • Alumni
        • Office staff
      • Administration
        • Executive Committee
        • IMPRS-ESM office
          • Our services
        • PhD at the Universität Hamburg
      • How to apply
        • Potential supervisors
        • Reference letters
        • FAQs - Frequent questions
    • Independent Research Groups
      • Cloud-wave coupling
      • Environmental Modelling
        • Group members
        • Projects
        • Publications
    • Scientific Computing Laboratory
      • SCLab Members
    • Cooperations
    • Projects
      • Integrated Activities
      • External Projects
      • Archive
    • Models
      • ICON-ESM
        • ICON-A
        • ICON-L / JSBACH
        • ICON-O
      • ICON-LEM
      • MPI-ESM
        • ECHAM
        • JSBACH
        • MPIOM
        • mpi-esm-users-forum
      • Availability & Licenses
    • Observations
    • Publications
      • JAMES Special Section 2
      • JAMES Special Section
      • Reports on Earth System Science
      • Archive
    • Good scientific practice
    • Seminars
      • Seminar Organisation
      • Seminar Archive
  • Communication
    • About us
    • News
      • Focus on - Overview
        • LongRunMIP – a large collection of millennial-length model simulations
        • CLICCS – A cluster of excellence for climate research – Which climate futures are possible and which are plausible?
        • Mourning for Reimar Lüst
        • DYAMOND – Next Generation Climate Models
        • EUREC4A—an international field study to test hypothesized cloud controlling factors influencing weather and climate
        • The Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Grand Ensemble – an instrument for studying the internal variability of the climate system
        • Large-scale projects at MPI-M: co-operations advance climate research
        • Ocean modelling at MPI-M – from LSG to ICON-O
        • Conceptual modeling at MPI-M
        • The MPI-M as a host for postdoctoral fellows
        • 1.5°C target
        • Retrograde
        • Pre-EUREC4A
        • ICON Earth system model
        • Turbulent paradox beneath the ice
        • Development of a high-resolution Earth System model and its application in CMIP6
        • Multiple stable states of vegetation
        • Forest and climate – potentials and side effects of future reforestation
        • Can Arctic winter sea ice disappear abruptly?
        • Internal tides
        • WCRP Grand Challenge: Carbon feedbacks in the climate system
        • Back to the future: the PalMod project
        • Do clouds make the wind blow? Airborne investigations of the interplay between clouds and circulation
        • Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity
        • The influence of clouds on the long-term habitability of Earth-like planets
        • Challenges and motivations in developing the ICON atmosphere model
        • Externally forced and internal variability in multi-decadal climate evolution
        • High-Performance Computer “Mistral” at German Climate Computing Center
        • Forest Management in the Earth System
        • New study: Cooling by aerosols weaker and less uncertain
        • Coupled ice-sheet climate modeling
        • The hiatus in global temperature trends
        • Arctic amplification
        • HD(CP)2: Clouds and Precipitation
        • Doctoral Programme at MPI-M
        • Cloud research in the Hans-Ertel Centre Group
        • Decadal climate predictions
        • Scientific Computing at MPI-M
        • Research Aircraft HALO
        • Plant diversity
        • IPCC Assessment Report 2013
          • Background information
        • Small-Scale Turbulence in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
        • The MPI-M mourns the passing of Ernst Maier-Reimer
        • Water in the Atmosphere
        • Ocean biogeochemistry
        • Ninetieth birthday of Reimar Lüst
        • Phosphorus limitation
        • STORM – climate model
        • New Earth system model
        • Project „KlimaTeller“
        • Effects on climate
        • Travelling in Time through Climate History
        • New Climate Simulations
        • Multi-year prediction of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
        • ICON – Development
        • The Great Melt in the Arctic
        • Climate Response of Volcanic Eruptions
        • New Junior Research Group "Fire in the Earth System"
        • Observing the Water Cycle from Space
        • Climate simulations over the last 1200 years
    • Information material
      • MPI-M
      • Max Planck Society's magazine
    • Multimedia
      • Figures
        • Structure of the Atmosphere
        • Earthsystem Schema
        • Big Marine Conveyer Belt
        • Climate System
        • Greenhouse Effect
        • Watercycle
      • Posters
        • Our Institute
        • Climate System
        • Ocean Circulation
        • Climate fluctuations
        • Volcanism
        • Greenhouse Effect
        • Milestones
      • Video Clips
      • Animations
      • Audio
    • Climate FAQ
    • Climate links
  1. MPI Website /Science /Projects /Archive
  • Overview
  • The Atmosphere in the Earth System
  • The Land in the Earth System
  • The Ocean in the Earth System
  • IMPRS-ESM
  • Independent Research Groups
  • Scientific Computing Laboratory
  • Cooperations
  • Projects
    • Integrated Activities
    • External Projects
    • Archive
  • Models
  • Observations
  • Publications
  • Good scientific practice
  • Seminars
  • Imprint
  • Privacy policy
  • Contact
  • Internal